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Bundala National Park is a globally important wintering ground. Specially for migratory water birds in Sri Lanka harboring 197 species of birds. Firstly, on 5th December 1969 Bundala declared as a Wildlife Sanctuary. Later, on 4th January 1993 upgraded to a National Park with a land area of 6,216 hectares. The park was re-gazette in 2004 and the original park reduced to 3,698 hectares. In 1991, Bundala designated as a Ramsar Wetland. And became the first such site in Sri Lanka. Later in 2005, declared as a Man and Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO. January 2006, an area adjacent to Bundala covering 3,339.38 hectares declared as the Wilmenna Sanctuary.
Further, Bundala National Park has been identified as an outstanding important bird area in the South Indian and Sri Lankan wetlands. 324 species of vertebrates have recorded in the national park. Which include 32 species of fish, 15 species of amphibians, 48 species of reptiles. And also 197 species of birds and 32 species of mammals. Further, 52 species of butterflies are among the invertebrates. The wetland habitats in Bundala harbors about 100 species of water birds. And half of them being migrant birds. Of the 197 avifaunal species 58 are migratory species.
A few Asian elephants still inhabit the forests of Bundala. Mammals seen in the park are toque macaque, common langur and jackal. Leopard, fishing cat, rusty-spotted cat, mongoose and wild boar also inhabits the park. Further, mouse deer, Indian muntjac, spotted deer, sambar, black-nape hare, Indian pangolin and porcupine can see in the park.
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